Myanmar - A country in crisis

Myanmar is currently facing a number of significant challenges that shape both the country's economic and political landscape. Recent events, particularly the devastating earthquake of March 28, 2025, have further exacerbated existing crises and plunged the country into an even deeper humanitarian emergency.

Economic situation

Even before the earthquake, Myanmar's economy was in a precarious state. According to the World Bank's December 2024 report, a 1% decline in gross domestic product (GDP) was forecast for the fiscal year ending March 2025. This contraction was attributed to ongoing conflict, natural disasters, and high inflation rates, which plunged millions of people into income loss and hunger. 

The main sectors of the economy—agriculture, manufacturing, and services—recorded declines. Production bottlenecks due to raw material shortages, inadequate electricity supply, and weak domestic demand contributed to this negative development. 

Political situation

Since the military coup in February 2021, Myanmar has been mired in a deep political crisis. Armed resistance against the military government has intensified, with groups such as the People's Defense Force and various ethnic armed organizations active. Despite some military successes by the resistance movements, the country's political future remains uncertain. 

Amid this unstable political landscape, the military government plans to hold elections in December 2025. However, many observers question the legitimacy and feasibility of these elections given the ongoing conflicts and the lack of an inclusive political dialogue. 

The earthquake of March 2025

On March 28, 2025, a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, causing massive destruction, particularly in the cities of Mandalay and Naypyidaw. Reports indicate over 3,000 deaths and thousands of injuries.  Infrastructure has been severely damaged, significantly limiting access to vital resources such as food, clean water, and medical care. 

International aid efforts have been initiated, with countries such as China, India, and other Southeast Asian nations providing support. However, there are reports that the military government is restricting access to certain areas, particularly regions controlled by opposition groups.

outlook

The combination of economic recession, political instability, and the devastating impact of the earthquake poses enormous challenges for Myanmar. The international community faces the task of finding effective ways to deliver humanitarian assistance while navigating the complex political situation. For the people of Myanmar, hope for stability and reconstruction amid these crises remains crucial.